PASADENA, Calif. — On the morning of the public memorial service for Neil Armstrong, the first person to walk on the Moon, NASA officials called for a new era of cooperation between human and robotic space explorers in an era of tighter budgets.
Space agency officials spoke of a future where astronauts and robots would work together to explore the scientific mysteries of other planets and to expand humanity’s foothold in space. Their words were aimed at bringing about an end to years of budgetary battles between NASA’s human spaceflight and robotic exploration programs.
“Let’s stop pitting science against exploration,” said Colleen Hartman, deputy director for science, operations and programs at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. “The battle between humans and robots is a false one and a waste of time.”
Hartman and others spoke here Sept. 13, the last day of AIAA Space 2012, a conference organized by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.
About half of NASA’s proposed $17.7 billion budget for 2013 is slated to go toward human exploration — a trend unchanged for the past decade — with almost $5 billion reserved for the robotic science and exploration program.
But the time is right to find new areas for human-robot cooperation and even redefine the old meanings of exploration and science, Gene Tattini, deputy director of NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory here, said during a panel discussion on human and robotic space exploration.
All the NASA center directors sitting on the panel echoed the idea of merging human and robotic capabilities in future space missions, regardless of whether their centers had traditionally supported human spaceflight missions or robotic science missions.
“The human-robotic interface is going to be key to our success now and in our future,” said Robert Cabana, director of NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. “You’ve seen the robotic devices we use to support astronauts in space. It’s absolutely phenomenal.”
Human missions going to the Moon, asteroids, Mars or deep space will need robotic house sitters that can watch over outposts between visits by crews, said Stephen Altemus, director of engineering at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston.
He pointed to an early example in Robonaut 2 — the humanoid robot aboard the international space station. The robot is slated to get a pair of gripping legs that will enable it to climb outside the orbiting lab.
Even as robots take on spacewalks and other routine and risky jobs, humans could potentially do much more meaningful science with their robot buddies. Future missions may have astronauts controlling robots on planetary surfaces from orbit, riding on robotic rovers, and even wearing robotic gloves or full-body exoskeletons to boost their natural strength and mobility, Altemus said.
The idea of eliminating the traditional divide between human and robot missions emerged in the planning stages of NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory mission, which landed the Curiosity rover on the red planet Aug. 5. Curiosity’s mission represents a natural stepping stone for possible cooperation on human-robot efforts such as a returning a sample of martian rock or soil to Earth, researchers said.
“Curiosity is controlled by people but is smart in its own right,” said James Garvin, chief scientist for the Sciences and Exploration Directorate at Goddard. “It is a forerunner for what we could do with people.”
