After half a year living on the international space station, three astronauts safely returned to Earth July 1 aboard a Russian-built space capsule.
The Soyuz spacecraft landed on the Central Asian steppes of Kazakhstan at 4:14 a.m. EDT to return NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko and Dutch astronaut Andre Kuipers back to their home planet.
“Everything is good, we feel great,” Kononenko radioed Russia’s Mission Control Center just before landing.
The spacefliers had undocked from the space station several hours earlier in their Russian-built Soyuz TMA-03M spacecraft to begin the journey home. They landed upright under a blue sky dotted with some white clouds in Kazakhstan.
Pettit, Kononenko and Kuipers arrived at the orbiting outpost in December 2011. All three had flown previous missions to the space station, making them a crew of veteran spacefliers.
In a blog post describing his final day in space, Pettit reflected on the impact of his monthslong mission, and encouraged humanity to keep pushing the boundaries of space exploration.
“On Earth, the frontiers opened slowly,” Pettit wrote. “The technology of sailing was known and advanced for over a thousand years before the Earth was circumnavigated. Such bold acts require the technology, the will, and the audacity to explore. Sometimes you have one, but not the others. I only hope that my small efforts here, perhaps adding one grain of sand to the beach of knowledge, will help enable a generation of people in the future to call space ‘home.’”
Throughout their mission, Pettit and Kuipers shared with the public stunning photos of the Earth from space through Twitter and the photo sharing website Flickr. Pettit also regularly updated a blog about his experiences on the space station, which included several poems in tribute to life in space.
Pettit also kept a journal as a fun way to document his scientific activities on the orbiting outpost. For instance, Pettit wrote blog updates in the voice of a zucchini plant when he experimented with growing different kinds of plants in microgravity.
On June 29, Pettit wrote a poem called “Last Day in Space,” to reflect on the memories of the mission, the experiences that moved him, and his anticipation over seeing his wife and children again soon.
Pettit, Kononenko and Kuipers made up half of the station’s Expedition 31 crew. During their stay at the orbiting laboratory, the spacefliers rolled out the welcome mat for the first commercial spacecraft to visit the station.
Space Exploration Technologies Corp.’s (SpaceX) unmanned Dragon capsule was launched to the international space station on a test flight to demonstrate the spacecraft’s ability to carry cargo to and from low Earth orbit. As Dragon approached the station, Pettit and Kuipers used the outpost’s robotic arm to pluck it from space and manually park it to the complex.
The successful test flight lays the groundwork for NASA to use commercial spaceships to ferry cargo, and one day astronauts, to the space station. SpaceX holds a $1.6 billion contract with the agency for 12 unmanned cargo delivery flights.
The July 1 Soyuz landing placed Pettit fourth in the ranks of most experienced American astronauts. He now has a total of 370 days in space during his three missions, two of them as part of a space station crew. Kononenko ended the flight with 392 days, a total that he accrued during two separate long-duration stints aboard the station. Kuipers ended the mission with 204 days of career spaceflight time.
Kononenko served as commander of Expedition 31 during his stay, but passed the torch to fellow Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka in an official change-of-command ceremony June 30.
The departure of Pettit, Kononenko and Kuipers leaves only three residents to occupy the space station until three new crew members launch to the complex July 14. Padalka, NASA astronaut Joe Acaba and Russian cosmonaut Sergei Revin will remain aboard the orbiting outpost until September.
Russian space station flight controllers radioed Padalka and his Expedition 32 crew after today’s landing to let the spacefliers know their comrades were safely back on Earth and in good health.
“Good to hear,” Padalka radioed back. “Another mission completed.”
