SETI Astronomer Jill Tarter Retiring To Focus on Fundraising

SEATTLE — Astronomer Jill Tarter, the inspiration for heroine Ellie Arroway in the novel and movie “Contact,” is retiring after 35 years as director of the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute’s Center for SETI Research to shift into a full-time fundraising role for the Mountain View, Calif., institute, the organization announced May 22.

Tarter said she made the decision after the SETI Institute had to shut down a set of alien-hunting radio telescopes for more than seven months last year due to budget shortfalls.

“That was a wake-up call,” she said in an interview. “I can’t put it off any longer. It’s really critical.”

Tarter, 68, got involved in the SETI search in the 1970s, joining a small group of NASA scientists who were developing equipment and strategies to make systematic SETI radio observations.

She signed on after reading “Project Cyclops,” a seminal 1971 NASA report that described how to use Earth-based radio telescopes to hunt for signs of intelligent alien life up to 1,000 light-years away.

“I hadn’t ever been thinking about SETI, or intelligent life elsewhere,” Tarter said. “But when I read that document, I was absolutely astonished by the fact that I lived in the first generation of humans that could actually try to do an experiment to answer this really old question.

“The fact that I was alive with the right skill set, at just the right time to tackle this important question, was what hooked me. That’s why I signed up to SETI when I was getting out of graduate school. And I’ve stayed hooked. I just think it’s an amazing privilege to try and take on this challenge, and answer this old, fundamental question.”

Though Congress killed NASA’s SETI efforts in 1993, Tarter kept up the search. She already had been with the SETI Institute for nearly a decade at that point, helping to create the nonprofit organization in 1984. In the decades since, she has continued to shape and steer the institute’s sky-scanning efforts.

Today, the SETI Institute employs more than 150 people, and its scientists are engaged in a range of astrobiology work beyond just looking for radio signals. Tarter said she is proud of the progress the organization has made since the early days, when a handful of pioneering scientists ran the whole show.

The institute “is far bigger than I ever envisioned it would be when we incorporated it in 1984 with very modest goals to save NASA money,” Tarter said. “We have a very vibrant institution of astrobiology, and also education and public outreach, that most people don’t know about.”

Funding the search

One of the SETI Institute’s main signal-scanning tools is the Allen Telescope Array, a set of 42 radio dishes located about 500 kilometers northeast of San Francisco. The Allen Telescope Array began scanning the heavens for “techno-signatures” — electromagnetic signals that could betray the presence of an intelligent alien civilization — in 2007.

SETI had to shut down the Allen Telescope Array in April 2011, however, after budget problems forced the institute’s former partner, the University of California, Berkeley, to withdraw from the project.

The telescopes came back on line in December, after SETI secured enough money from private citizens and the U.S. Air Force, which is interested in using the array to track satellites and space debris, SETI officials said.

In April 2012, the California-based nonprofit SRI International came onboard, taking over management duty of the Hat Creek Radio Observatory (which includes the Allen Telescope Array).

The experience convinced Tarter that she could make a bigger difference in the SETI search by focusing entirely on fundraising — which she has been doing part-time for many years as the institute’s Bernard M. Oliver Chair for SETI — than by continuing to direct the Center for SETI Research.

“It was just eye-opening,” she said. “We’ve got to get stable funding into the house to do SETI research. We have a new partner — we got that deal done, so we can operate the array. But now we’ve got to provide funding for people to actually use it and do clever things, and do research, and look in new ways.”

Tarter added that the institute needs to raise $2 million every year to keep SETI research going. That is the starting point, but she hopes to shoot for $20 million annually to expand the search and support a variety of SETI activity around the world.

Tarter said she does not particularly enjoy fundraising, but views it as so important to the future of SETI research that she feels compelled to take it on. She is excited about the institute’s current work, and its future.

The Allen Telescope Array, for example, has been listening for signals from the many alien planet candidates discovered by NASA’s Kepler space telescope. To date, Kepler has flagged more than 2,300 such potential planets. While only a small fraction have been confirmed so far, the Kepler team estimates that at least 80 percent of them will end up being the real deal.

The current flood of alien planet discoveries is investing the SETI search with more purpose and enthusiasm, Tarter said. Astronomers can now point their radio scopes at many star systems that are known to harbor planets, some of which may even be Earth-like worlds.

“The Kepler worlds are really legitimizing SETI,” Tarter said. “All of us that are even peripherally involved with that are looking and saying, ‘You know, Earth 2.0 — that’s just right around the corner. We can almost taste it.’”